#include <algorithm> #include <ctime> #include <iostream> int main() { // Generate data const unsigned arraySize = 32768; int data[arraySize]; for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) data[c] = std::rand() % 256; // !!! With this, the next loop runs faster std::sort(data, data + arraySize); // Test clock_t start = clock(); long long sum = 0; for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) { // Primary loop for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) { if (data[c] >= 128) sum += data[c]; } } double elapsedTime = static_cast<double>(clock() - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; std::cout << elapsedTime << std::endl; std::cout << "sum = " << sum << std::endl; }
没有std::sort(data, data + arraySize);,这段代码运行了11.54秒。 加上了这段排序的代码,这段代码运行了1.93秒。
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // Generate data int arraySize = 32768; int data[] = new int[arraySize]; Random rnd = new Random(0); for (int c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) data[c] = rnd.nextInt() % 256; // !!! With this, the next loop runs faster Arrays.sort(data); // Test long start = System.nanoTime(); long sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) { // Primary loop for (int c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c) {。 if (data[c] >= 128) sum += data[c]; } } System.out.println((System.nanoTime() - start) / 1000000000.0); System.out.println("sum = " + sum); } }
现在假设你就是CPU,你看到了一个分支,但是不知道该走哪个分支,你该怎么做?你挂起当前操作,等待分支判断的结果,然后再选择正确的分支。现在的CPU是很复杂的,有很长的执行命令管线(这块不知道怎么翻译了,Modern processors are complicated and have long pipelines),所以永远在热身和停止。
T = branch taken N = branch not taken data[] = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, ... 250, 251, 252, ... branch = N N N N N ... N N T T T ... T T T ... = NNNNNNNNNNNN ... NNNNNNNTTTTTTTTT ... TTTTTTTTTT (easy to predict)